Geotechnical engineers harness a critical role in detecting subsurface voids, which incur significant challenges to the stability and functionality of structures. These hidden cavities can stem from various causes, such as geological formations, erosion, or human interventions. Utilizing a suite of investigative techniques, including geophysical s
Subsurface voids pose significant challenges to geotechnical integrity. Accurately mapping these voids is essential for ensuring the security of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole examination, can be time-consuming and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical techniques, including ground wave veloci
Geotechnical exploration methods are essential for characterizing cavities and voids within the subsurface. These structures can significantly affect the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and terrain. A variety of ground-based exploration methods are employed to locate cavities and voids. These include boreholes, geophysical techniques such
Geophysical exploration employs a crucial role in the identification and characterization of potential mineral orebodies. By employing various physical methods, geologists can penetrate beneath the Earth's surface to identify subsurface structures and signatures indicative of mineral richness. These geophysical techniques often involve the measure